Analysis of somatic pathology in patients over 50 with newly diagnosed HIV infection: case study of the Kaliningrad Region
Objective. Evaluation of the dynamics and structure of somatic pathology in individuals over 50 years of age with newly diagnosed HIV infection in 2019–2023. In the Kaliningrad Region.Gribova A.V., Leonova O.N., Esaulenko E.V., Cherkes N.N.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the medical records of 349 patients over 50 years of age with newly diagnosed HIV infection between 2019 and 2023 in the Kaliningrad Region was conducted.
Results. Patients over 50 years of age, compared with those aged 18–49, are more often diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. More rapid disease progression was noted, given the short duration of infection – 3.8 ± 0.41 years. Among comorbidities, circulatory diseases predominated – 60.5% (arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cardiomyopathy). Renal pathology increased from 7.5 to 16.4%. A high proportion of patients with gastrointestinal diseases remains – 36.9%, despite a low prevalence of hepatitis viruses in these individuals. An increase in the number of patients with three or more comorbidities was also noted, from 38.9% in 2019 to 51.7% in 2023 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. Given the significant comorbidity, comprehensive patient management and screening by specialized physicians are necessary to assess risk factors associated with both the patient and chronic inflammation associated with the progression of HIV infection. The short duration of infection necessitates the optimization of preventive programs tailored to different age groups.
Keywords
HIV infection
comorbidity
comorbidities
immune status
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About the Authors
Alina V. Gribova, Epidemiologist, Kaliningrad Region Infectious Diseases Hospital, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases; Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health and Healthcare Organization, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia; ershova.alina88@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-5166Olga N. Leonova, MD, Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Adults and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; hiv-hospis@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-5591
Professor Elena V. Esaulenko, MD, Head, Department of Adult Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; eve-gpmu@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-8049
Nikolay N, Cherkes, Head, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Kaliningrad Region Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia; cherkes-nik-nik@rambler.ru
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