Risk factors for hepatitis A in low-endemicity conditions: the experience of the Republic of Tatarstan
Objective. Identification and analysis of key risk factors for hepatitis A (HA) in the Republic of Tatarstan for the development of targeted preventive measures in the region’s low-endemicity context.Yuzlibayeva L.R.
Materials and methods. Statistical forms No. 1 and 2 “Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases” for 2004–2024, No. 23 “Information on Infectious Disease Outbreaks,” and annual reporting forms were used.
Results. Long-term dynamics of hepatitis A incidence in the Republic of Tatarstan demonstrate a steady decline with a 5–10-year cyclicality (3.7 ± 0.3 per 100,000 population in 2004–2024 versus 200.0 in 1980–1990). The age structure of incidence is dominated by children and adolescents (average rate of 6.1 ± 1.8 per 100,000), which distinguishes the region from national trends. Nine cluster outbreaks with 206 victims (62.1% children under 18) were recorded, spreading through both waterborne (33.3%) and household contact (66.7%) routes. The proportion of victims in cluster outbreaks was 7.3% of all cases.
Conclusion. Hepatitis A outbreaks are dominated by household contact outbreaks (57.4%). Factors contributing to the formation of cluster outbreaks include utility accidents, the importation of infection from other regions, and violations of sanitary and hygienic regulations in organized groups. Vaccination of risk groups and contacts creates an effective immune barrier in outbreaks. Given the prevalence of household contact transmission in multiple outbreaks, public health education remains a priority.
Keywords
hepatitis A
incidence
cluster outbreaks
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About the Authors
Lilia R. Yuzlibaeva, Cand. Med. Sci., Head, Department of Epidemiological Surveillance, Office of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in the Republic of Tatarstan; Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Disinfection, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Kazan, Russia; Yuzlibaeva.lr@tatar.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-0302Similar Articles
