Characteristics of the epidemic process of hepatitis A in the Russian Federation
Objective. Characterization of the hepatitis A (HA) epidemic and assessment of the state of population immunity to the HA virus in the Russian Federation (RF) from 2015 to 2024.Klushkina V.V., Korabelnikova M.I., Kudryavtseva E.N., Rodionova Z.S., Gavrilova L.S., Tsapkova N.N., Kyuregyan K.K., Mikhailov M.I., Akimkin V.G.
Materials and methods: Data from forms № 2 and № 23 of the Federal Service for Surveillance and the automated information system of the Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis Monitoring of Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being for 2015 to 2024 were analyzed.
Results. In the Russian Federation, the incidence rate of HA decreased 25-fold from 79.4 to 3.2 cases per 100,000 population from 2015 to 2024. In 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a very high incidence rate (exceeding the Russian average by more than 2Ϭ) was registered, in 26 constituent entities – a high incidence rate (exceeding the Russian average by 1-2Ϭ). The maximum incidence rate of hepatitis A was observed in the group of children aged 3-6 years (risk group). In the structure of cases, the proportion of adults aged 18 years and older was 54.5–74.3%. The proportion of persons involved in outbreaks of hepatitis A was 0.6–9.8%; in sporadic cases – 90.2–99.4%. The frequency of detection of anti-HAV IgG in the period 2015–2024 was 4.7–-17.1% in children under 17 years of age and 13.3–-36.3% in adults. Vaccination coverage among contacts of hepatitis A foci among children under 17 years of age was 69.3–88.6%, among adults – 11.4–92.1%, and among travelers to endemic regions – 18–100% and 1.1–32.1%, respectively.
Conclusion. High and very high levels of hepatitis A incidence were recorded in more than 35% of the Russian Federation from 2015–2024, indicating active circulation of the hepatitis A virus. Children aged 3–6 years are at risk for hepatitis A. Adults predominate among those infected with hepatitis A. An increase in the proportion of susceptible individuals to the hepatitis A virus is observed. All identified factors determine the risk of increased hepatitis A incidence, the occurrence of hepatitis A outbreaks, and an increase in the number of severe cases of hepatitis A, indicating the need for routine hepatitis A vaccination in the Russian Federation.
Keywords
hepatitis A
hepatitis A virus
population immunity
epidemic process
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About the Authors
Vitalina V. Klushkina, Cand. Med. Sci., Head, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; vitalinaklu@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8204Marina I. Korabelnikova, Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; korabelnikova@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-8569
Elena N. Kudravtseva, ВD, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; kudryavtseva@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-73258577
Zinaida S. Rodionova, Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; rodionova.z@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-279X
Lyudmila S. Gavrilova, Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; gavrilova.l@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5839-7055
Professor Karen K. Kyuregyan, ВD, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Professor, Department of Virology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia; karen-kyuregyan@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-117X
Professor Mikhail I. Mikhailov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BD, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Head, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia; michmich2@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-6801
Professor Vasily G. Akimkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Director, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; crie@pcr; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044
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