Selected aspects of specific prevention of vaccine-preventable infections in people living with HIV
This article examines key aspects of specific prevention of vaccine-preventable infections (measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, and hepatitis B) in adult patients with HIV infection. Based on authors’ own research, a comparative analysis of post-vaccination immunity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals was conducted, and the efficacy and safety of vaccination in HIV-infected patients was assessed. It has been shown that people living with HIV lose immune protection more quickly after childhood vaccination, leading to a higher risk of infection with measles and whooping cough pathogens and increasing the proportion of individuals requiring booster vaccination. Despite maintaining herd immunity above threshold levels, older patients and those with HIV infection remain vulnerable to diphtheria. It has been demonstrated that, in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy, modern hepatitis B vaccines can achieve high levels of seroprotection. All studied vaccines demonstrated a favorable safety profile, no negative impact on the course of HIV infection, and did not reduce the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. These results substantiate the need for regular monitoring of vaccination status and targeted vaccination or booster vaccination among people living with HIV.Kanestri V.G., Shakhgildyan V.I., Konnov D.S., Yurin O.G.
Keywords
HIV infection
vaccination prevention
measles
diphtheria
whooping cough
References
1. WHO position on measles vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27(52): 7219–7221. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.116
2. Minta A.A., Ferrari M., Antoni S., Lambert B., Sayi T.S., Hsu C.H. et al. Progress Toward Measles Elimination – Worldwide, 2000–2023. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2024; 73: 1036–1042. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm 7345a4
3. Поздняков А.А., Чернявская О.П. Проявления эпидемического процесса кори и краснухи на современном этапе. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика 2018; 17(5): 45–53. [Pozdnyakov A.A., Chernyavskaya O.P. Manifestations of the epidemic process of measles and rubella at the present stage. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 2018; 17(5) : 45–53. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-45-53
4. Семененко Т.А., Ноздрачева А.В. Анализ и перспективы развития эпидемической ситуации по кори в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика 2021; 20(5): 21–31. [Semenenko T.A., Nozdracheva A.V. Analysis and prospects for the development of the epidemic situation of measles in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 2021; 20(5): 21–31. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-5-21-31
5. Черняева Е.Н., Морозов K.В., Мацвай A.Д., Гуськова M.С., Некрасов А.Ю., Стеценко И.Ф. и др. Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика и филогенетический анализ российских и зарубежных вариантов вируса кори 2020–2024 гг. Экстремальная биомедицина 2024; 26(3): 40–51. [Chernyaeva E.N., Morozov K.V., Matsvay A.D., Guskova M.S., Nekrasov A.Y., Stetsenko I.F. et al. Molecular genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Russian and foreign measles virus variants from 2020–2024. Extreme Biomedicine 2024; 26(3): 40–51. (In Russ.)]. DOI: 10.47183/mes.2024-26-3-40-50
6. Angel J.B., Walpita P., Lerch R.A., Sidhu M.S., Masurekar M., DeLellis R.A. et al. Vaccine-associated measles pneumonitis in an adult with AIDS. Ann. Intern. Med. 1998; 129(2): 104–106. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00007
7. Palumbo P., Hoyt L., Demasio K., Oleske J., Connor E. Population-based study of measles and measles immunization in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr. Inf. Dis. J. 1992; 11: 1008–1014. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199211120-00004
8. Stermole B.M., Grandits G.A., Roediger M.P., Clark B.M., Ganesan A., Weintrob A.C. et al. Long-Term Safety and Serologic Response to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination in HIV-1 Infected Adults. Vaccine 2011; 29(16): 2874–2880. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.013
9. Carrillo-Santisteve P., Lopalco P.L. Measles still spreads in Europe: who is responsible for the failure to vaccinate? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2012; 18(5): 50–56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03982.x.
10. Канестри В.Г., Коннов Д.С., Махмутов Я.И., Киселев Н.А., Вознесенский С.Л. Сравнительный анализ эффективности и безопасности вакцинации от кори ВИЧ-позитивных и ВИЧ-негативных взрослых. Материалы науч.-практ. конф. с международным участием «Инфекционные болезни: мультидисциплинарный взгляд». СПб., 2025: 72–79. [Kanestri V.G., Konnov D.S., Makhmutov Y.I., Kiselev N.A., Voznesensky S.L. Comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of measles vaccination in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults. Materials of the scientific-practical conference with international participation «Infectious diseases: a multidisciplinary view». SPb., 2025: 72–79. (In Russ.)].
11. Belaunzaran-Zamudio P.F., Garcia-Leon M.L., Wong-Chew R.M., Villasís-Keever A., Cuellar-Rodríguez J., Mosqueda-Gómez J.L. et al. Early loss of measles antibodies after MMR vaccine among HIV-infected adults receiving HAART. Vaccine 2009; 27(50): 7059–7064. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.063
12. Ruel T.D., Achan J., Gasasira A.F., Charlebois E.D. HIV RNA suppression among HIV-infected Ugandan children with measles. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2008; 48(2): 225–227. DOI:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31816d9c86
13. Kilgore P.E., Salim A.M., Zervos M.J., Schmitt H.-J. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2020;29(3):449–486. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00083-15
14. Decker M.D., Hosbach P., Johnson D.R., Pool V., Greenberg D.P. Estimating the effectiveness of tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 2015; 211: 497–498. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu477
15. Покровский В.В., Юрин О.Г., Кравченко А.В., Беляева В.В., Ермак Т.Н., Шахгильдян В.И. и др. Рекомендации по лечению ВИЧ-инфекции и связанных с ней заболеваний, химиопрофилактике заражения ВИЧ. Эпидемиол. инфекц. болезни. Актуал. вопр. 2025; 15(4, приложение): 108 с. [Pokrovsky V.V., Yurin O.G., Kravchenko A.V., Belyaeva V.V., Ermak T.N., Shakhgildyan V.I.. et al. Recommendations for the treatment of HIV infection and related diseases, chemoprophylaxis of HIV infection. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. Current tems 2025; 15(4, suppl.): 108 p. (In Russ.)].
16. Шахгильдян И.В., Михайлов М.И., Онищенко Г.Г. Парентеральные вирусные гепатиты (эпидемиология, диагностика, профилактика). М., 2003. 383 с. [Shakhgildyan I.V., Mikhailov M.I., Onishchenko G.G. Parenteral viral hepatitis (epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention). Moscow, 2003. 383 p. (In Russ.)]
About the Authors
Veronika G. Kanestry, MD, Senior Researcher, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Infectionist of Infectious Diseases Clinic «H-Clinic». Moscow, Russia; kanestri@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-7094Vasiliy I. Shakhgildyan, Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; vishakh@yandex.ru; htpp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-0487
Konnov Danila Sergeevich, Cand. Med. Sci., Chief Physician, Infectious Diseases Clinic «H-Clinic». Moscow, Russia; konnov@h-clinic.ru
Oleg G. Yurin, МD, Leading Researcher, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; htpp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-7486
Similar Articles
