The impact of metabolic syndrome on the taxonomic composition of the respiratory tract microbiome in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia
Objective. Evaluation of the composition of the sputum microbiome in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia depending on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components.Starikova V.A., Konstantinov D.Yu., Konnova T.V.
Materials and methods. A total of 38 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia were examined, stratified into three groups according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) metabolic syndrome criteria: Group A (n = 17): abdominal obesity + type 2 diabetes mellitus + arterial hypertension + hypertriglyceridemia; Group B (n = 12): abdominal obesity + type 2 diabetes mellitus + low high-density lipoprotein levels; Group C (n = 9): abdominal obesity + arterial hypertension + hypertriglyceridemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by culture and MALDI-TOF MS; taxonomic analysis was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results. The highest bacterial load of S. pneumoniae and the slowest elimination during therapy were observed in Group A (7.2 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) and Group B (5.8 × 10⁶ CFU/ml). The microbiota of patients in Groups A and B was characterized by pronounced dysbiosis with a predominance of Streptococcus (49.1 ± 2.4%) and a combined increase in opportunistic pathogens (Haemophilus, Klebsiella), while in Group C, commensal taxa (Prevotella, Veillonella) predominated. The dysbiosis index was highest in Group A (3,8 ± 0.3) and lowest in Group C (0,6 ± 0,1) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion. Severe respiratory dysbiosis was recorded in patients with metabolic syndrome, an essential component of which was type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords
pneumococcal pneumonia
metabolic syndrome
respiratory microbiome
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About the Authors
Valeria A. Starikova, Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Samara, Russia; v.a.starikova@samsmu.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5483-1784Dmitry Yu. Konstantinov, MD, Head, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Samara, Russia; d.u.konstantinov@samsmu.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8487
Tatyana V. Konnova, Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Samara, Russia; t.v.konnova@samsmu.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-6732
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