Dynamics of incidence of non-invasive and invasive forms of pneumococcal infection in Russia
Objective. Analysis of the incidence of non-invasive and invasive forms of pneumococcal infection in Russia from 2012 to 2024.Gaponova I.I., Churilova N.S., Koroleva I.S., Akimkin V.G.
Materials and methods. Descriptive statistics were used. Data from state statistical records from 2012 to 2024 and data from the Russian Reference Center for Bacterial Meningitis Monitoring for 2023–2024 were analyzed.
Results. The long-term average annual incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Russia was 457.6 per 100,000 population. The highest rate was recorded in children aged 1–2 years (1,503 per 100,000). By 2024, an upward trend in CAP incidence was observed. The highest long-term average annual rates in children aged 1–2 years were recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District. In the etiological structure of CAP, cases without an established etiology predominate. Among cases of CAP with an established etiology, bacterial ones predominate (26.3%), of which pneumococcal ones account for 5.9%. The long-term average annual incidence rate of pneumococcal pneumonia is 7.1 per 100,000. The incidence increased by 2023, with the highest rates noted in the Northwestern, Volga, and Siberian Federal Districts. The highest incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was observed in children aged 0–4 years.
Conclusion. The CAP incidence, which had declined after the COVID-19 pandemic, began to increase by 2024. However, the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia has increased. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis is also trending upward. The etiologic interpretation of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia remains low.
Keywords
pneumonia
incidence
Streptococcus pneumoniae
bacterial meningitis
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About the Authors
Irina I. Gaponova, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Methods for Studying of Genetic Polymorphisms, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; gaponova@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2249Nadezda S. Churilova, Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiology of Meningococcal Infection and Purulent Bacterial Meningitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; churilova@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-5829
Professor Irina S. Koroleva, MD, Advisor to the Director for Analytical Work in the Field of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis,, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; irakor@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-146X
Professor Vasily G. Akimkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Science, MD, Director, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; akimkin@pcr.ms; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044
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