Monitoring of food origin Salmonella resistant to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins
Objective. Assessment of the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella isolates recovered from food products in the Russian Federation from 2018 to 2024 using phenotypic analysis and identification of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance.Bitumina L.A., Yaroslavtseva M.A., Paramonova S.N., Koroleva I.B., Kulikova N.G., Mikhailova Yu.V., Shelenkov A.A., Panevina A.V., Manzenyuk I.N., Akimkin V.G.
Materials and methods. From 2018 to 2024, 3,843 non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates obtained from food products in Russia were analyzed. Generic identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Serotyping was performed by agglutination testing using domestically produced Salmonella sera (PETSAL, Russia) according to the Kauffman-White scheme. Phenotypic susceptibility was determined by the broth dilution method (BD) on a Vitek 2 Compact analyzer. Antibiotic resistance genes were identified in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
Results. Salmonella was most frequently isolated from poultry (55.8%), cooked foods (27.5%), and meat products (14.2%); less than 1% of isolates were obtained from confectionery, fish, and dairy products. Phenotypic resistance was recorded to cephalosporins (18.1%), fluoroquinolones (60.1%), aminoglycosides (18.1%), tetracyclines (36.7%), chloramphenicol (27.0%), trimethoprim (66.1%), nitrofurantoin (59.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21.9%), and carbapenems (0.1%). WGS was used to analyze 31.2% of the sample. The most prevalent sequence types were ST32 (S. Infantis), ST11 (S. Enteritidis), ST198 (S. Kentucky), and ST34 (S. Typhimurium). The genomes were found to harbor resistance determinants to aminoglycosides (93.0%), β-lactams (46.4%), quinolones (31.0%), tetracyclines (97.4%), sulfonamides (89.6%), trimethoprim (59.8%), phenicols (41.1%), macrolides (57.9%), and (less frequently, 1%) lincosamides, colistin, and rifampicin.
Conclusion. Poultry production is the primary reservoir for Salmonella, with circulating isolates demonstrating high levels of resistance to clinically significant antibiotics, primarily fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim. The prevalence of epidemiologically significant clones (ST32, ST11, ST198, ST34) highlights the need for enhanced control at all stages of the food chain and continued molecular genetic monitoring to track the spread of resistant clones.
Keywords
salmonellosis
Salmonella spp.
antibiotic resistance
WGS
References
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About the Authors
Lyutsiya A. Bityumina, Researcher, Scientific Group of Antibiotic Resistance of Food Pathogens, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; bitumina@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-0827Marina A. Yaroslavtseva, Bacteriologist, Head of Laboratory, Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; baclab@fcgie.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-4848
Svetlana N. Paramonova, Biologist, Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; Moscow, Russia; l: baclab@fcgie.ru
Irina B. Korolyova, Junior Researcher, Scientific Group of Antibiotic Resistance of Food Pathogens, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; martiusheva@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-9646
Nina G. Kulikova, Cand. Biol. Sci., Head, Research Group of Antibiotic Resistance of Food Pathogens, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; kulikova_ng@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1716-6969
Yuliya V. Mikhailova, Cand. Biol. Sci., Head, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; Russia; mihailova@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-538Х
Andrey A. Shelenkov, Cand. Phys.-Mat. Sci., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; shelenkov@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-077X
Anna V. Panevina, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; Panevina@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-3447
Igor N. Manzeniuk, Cand. Med. Sci., Assistant Director for Research, Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; manzeniuk@cmd.su; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1146-1430
Professor Vasily G. Аkimkin, Academician of the Russian Academy, МD, Director, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; vgakimkin@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044
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